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Sorø
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Deciduous forest dominated by European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), minor fraction of interspersed deciduous and coniferous tree species. Ground vegetation: Anemone nemorosa L., Mercurialis perennis L.
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55.89156° N
11.968832 ° E (tower coordinates)
40 m asl (tower)
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Site description
The Sorø beech forest site represents the natural forest vegetation of the northern temperate climate zone margin in Denmark and Southern Sweden. It is assumed that this site was forest since re-establishment of European beech after glaciations some thousand years ago. The current beech trees were planted in 1921 and are 30 m high. The site is flat and drained to avoid wetness in lower parts. The 2 m deep sandy loam is still base rich and has a 40 cm deep organic layer, resulting in high fertility and water availability. The maritime climate is mild (8.3 ±0,6 °C) but not as wet as at the west coast of Denmark (long-term average 730 mm y-1).
The site is under intensive investigation since 1996 (EU-EUROFLUX project) and contributed since then to a large number of national and EU projects and to the global flux tower network FLUXNET. It is equipped with a 57 m high mast and a 25 m high canopy access scaffold and mains power access. During recent years the Sorø site developed from a greenhouse gas flux station to a full ecosystem investigation site, i.e. including long-term investigations of water and element cycling, canopy structure and plant and soil process studies. The Sorø forest site is an European infrastructure.
Landuse
Forest
Soil
Sandy loam with a 20 cm deep organic layer.
Measurements
Continuous measurements with 30 minute resolution:
| Measured quantity | Location |
| Physical properties of the air | |
| relative humidity | 2 above the canopy |
| air temperature | 5 above and within the canopy |
| Air motion horizontal | 5 above the canopy |
| Air motion 3D (3D sonic anemometer) | 43 m |
| Physical properties of the soil | |
| Soil temperature | 2 |
| Soil water content | 15 location (-10cm to -5 cm) and 2 locations (-200 cm, -120 cm, - 60 cm, -30 cm) |
| Radiation' | |
| incoming / outgoing Global radiation | Above canopy (57m) |
| diffuse and total shortwave radiation | Above canopy (57m) |
| incoming / outgoing PAR | Above canopy (57m) |
| incoming / outgoing thermal radiation | Above canopy (57m) |
| net radiation | Above canopy (57m) |
| photosynthetic reflectance Index (PRI) | Above canopy (57m) |
| phenological photos | Above canopy (57m) |
| UV-B radiation | Above canopy (57m) |
| PAR | 11 sensors below canopy and 3 in canopy |
| Air chemistry | |
| CO2 concentration | 5 in and sub canopy levels |
| O3 concentration | 5 in and sub canopy levels |
| NO NO2 concentration profile | 5 in and sub canopy levels |
| Rain | |
| rain intensity | Above canopy (30 m) |
| rain occurrence (binary) | Under canopy (1 m) |
| stem flow | Under canopy (5 trees) |
| Energy momentum and matter fluxes (ecosystem scale) | |
| turbulent vertical momentum flux and friction velocity | above canopy (43 m) |
| turbulent vertical sensible energy flux | above canopy (43 m) |
| turbulent vertical H2O and latent energy flux | above canopy (43 m) |
| turbulent vertical CO2 flux | above canopy (43 m) |
| Water fluxes in trees | |
| sap flow (Granier) | 12 |
| Energy and matter fluxes (soil surface) | |
| soil heat flux | 2 |
| CO2 soil-atmosphere exchange | 4 |
| O3 soil-atmosphere exchange | 4 |
| NO soil-atmosphere exchange | 4 |
| NO2 soil-atmosphere exchange | 4 |
Planned experiments within CARBO-Extreme
Sorø is a long-term observation site contributing to WP 3
Related projects
Pictures
Contact
Andreas Ibrom
anib@risoe.dtu.dk
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